Difference between hiv1 and hiv2 pdf

Hiv tests that detect hiv antigen p24 and or hiv antibody are used to screen for and diagnose hiv infections. It is also essential to understand the structural or the specific biological differences between these two types of hiv. Hiv 1 is the main family of hiv and accounts for 95% of all infections worldwide. Confused about the difference between hiv and aids. In fact, having hiv doesnt necessarily mean a person will. These rates are broadly consistent with a median survival of around 10 years in africa. Aids acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is one of the most feared diseases in the world and currently has no known cure.

Although hiv1 and hiv2 have the same routes of transmission and both can cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome aids, important differences exist between. There are more than one type of hiv and also several subtypes. The differences between hiv1 and hiv2 the human immunodeficiency virus hiv has two main strains, hiv1 and hiv2. What most people do not know is that there are two strains to hiv and they are simply known as hiv 1 and hiv 2. Question what is the difference between hiv 1 and hiv 2.

So when we generally say hiv, we are referring to hiv1. Hiv1 and hiv2 although tests which are sensitive to both types of viruses are widely available, only one antibody test currently available can specifically distinguish between. Apr 09, 2020 incompatibility between hiv1 and hiv2 in a sequence element termed the dimer initiation site dis required for rna genome dimer formation makes an hiv1hiv2 recombination event unlikely in. Hiv 2 is prevalent mostly in west africa and has not been widely seen outside of africa. Analysis of hiv1 protease with the help of different type of tablestable 1. Explore this page to find out more about hiv1 and hiv2, groups within hiv1, subtypes within hiv1, and whether differences in subtypes matter. Apr 16, 2020 one of the two types of hiv, the virus that causes aids. Hiv is a virus that can be transmitted in various ways, through bodily fluids. Hiv or human immunodeficiency virus is the infectious agent responsible for aids. There is one called hiv 1, and the second is hiv 2.

The natural history of hiv 2 infection tends to be more benign than that of hiv 1, and most patients. Differences in proviral dna load between hiv1 and hiv2. Most of the hiv infection in india is hiv 1 but occasional hiv 2 are also reported. The geenius hiv1hiv2 supplemental assay is a singleuse.

Theres actually a rather freakish backstory about these early days of hivaids research. In terms of epidemiology, hiv 2 remains largely confined to west africa, whereas hiv 1 extends worldwide. You cannot have aids without being infected with hiv. Genetic differences between the two viruses mean that diagnosis and treatment of hiv 1 and hiv 2 can be different. Hiv1 and hiv2 testing it is important to get tested for both hiv1 and hiv2 due to the high number of travelers that enter and exit the united states from all over the world, including west africa, india, and. Question what is the difference between hiv1 and hiv2. Is the treatment for hiv 2 similar as effective as the treatment for hiv 1. It is the virus that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or aids if not treated. Early detection and treatment of hiv infection can decrease the risk of progression to aids and greatly improve longterm health and survival. Mechanistic differences between hiv1 and siv nucleocapsid proteins and crossspecies hiv1 genomic rna recognition.

Hiv 1 accounts for around 95% of all infections worldwide. This means there are many different strains of hiv, even within the body of a single infected person. Although tests which are sensitive to both types of viruses are widely available, only one antibody test currently available can specifically distinguish between antibodies to hiv 1 or hiv 2. The differences between hiv1 and 2 lie in their structures, which in turn influence the way the two viruses behave once in the human body. One big difference between hiv and aids is that one is a virus, and the other is a condition. Our fourth generation test can also detect infections with rare groups and subtypes.

Due to the genetic difference, hiv 1 and hiv 2 antigens are distinct enough that if a diagnostic test is developed only to detect hiv 1, it will not reliably detect hiv 2. Jan, 2014 confused about the difference between hiv and aids. What is the difference between hiv1 and hiv2 with regards to structure, function, occurence and survival in the environment. Hiv2 is associated with lower viral load levels and slower rates of cd4 decline and clinical progression compared with hiv1. Difference between hiv and aids compare the difference. What exactly is the difference between hiv 1 and hiv 2. Hiv2 infection surveillance united states, 19872009. In west africa, between 1020% of hiv infections are hiv2 or hiv1hiv2 dual seropositive, corresponding to 12 million people living with this virus in the region although prevalence has been waning over the last few decades. These terms, though related, are often mistakenly used interchangeably. Difference between hiv 1 and hiv 2 difference between. However, it seems that hiv2 is less easily transmitted, and the period between initial infection and illness is longer in the case of hiv2.

There are more than one type of hiv and also several sub. Genetic differences between the two viruses mean that diagnosis and treatment of hiv1 and hiv2 can be. Hiv 2 is rarely reported in the united states, largely confined to persons from west africa, and less likely to cause aids. Cdcs current surveillance case definition for hiv infection applies to both variants of hiv 6 but lacks criteria for differentiating between hiv1 and hiv2. One of the two types of hiv, the virus that causes aids. While both types of hiv essentially have similar effects on the immune system, hiv1 and hiv2 are actually quite different. With treatment, a person can live a long and normal life. Worldwide, the predominant virus is hiv1, and generally when people refer to hiv without specifying the type of virus they will be referring to hiv1. Distinguishing between hiv 2 and hiv 1 is important because their clinical management differs. Worldwide, the predominant virus is hiv1, and generally when people. Hiv1 and hiv2 share many similarities including their basic gene arrangement, modes of transmission, intracellular replication pathways and clinical consequences. Dec 08, 2010 hiv vs aids hiv and aids are two interrelated medical terms. The possibility of hiv 2 infection should be considered when treating persons of west african origin, persons who have had sexual contact with or who have shared needles with persons of west african origin, and persons who reside in countries with strong socioeconomic ties.

Discussion the difference guide 6 between hiv and aids. Similarities and differences between hiv and hcv author. Hiv 1 is transmitted through direct contact with hiv infected body fluids, such as blood, semen, and vaginal fluids, or from a mother who has hiv 1 to her child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding through breast milk. The vpu gene encodes the vpu protein that is responsible for degrading the viral receptor molecule of cd4 protein found on. Between 1996 and 1997, we evaluated the incidence of hiv2 infection at the fondation jeanne ebori, the second largest hospital in libreville, capital of gabon. Hiv2 contains certain protein molecules in its structure. However, a person with aids will always have hiv in the. However, tests which are sensitive to both types of virus are available. Stdcheck offers the fourth generation elisa hiv test which reliably detects between both hiv1 and hiv2 strains, whereas many other hiv tests commonly test for hiv1 alone. Does hiv dna pcr have different assays for the strains of hiv1 and hiv2. Hiv2 has been found to be less pathogenic than hiv1. Hiv 2 is mainly seen in a few west african countries.

Hiv 2 infection is endemic in west africa, with certain countries experiencing a population prevalence of 1 %. Introduction to hiv types, groups and subtypes hiv is a highly variable virus which mutates very readily. There are also a number of key differences between hiv1 and hiv2. The first notable difference between the two types of hiv is that hiv 1 is ubiquitous and widespread among people, especially in africa.

As participants express their views, list the differences on a flip chart sheet, in two columns titled hiv and aids. Hiv2 is most common in western africa and is becoming more. Hiv2 appears to be less virulent, generally depleting the immune system at a slower rate than hiv1. Whats the difference between hiv1 and hiv2 viruses. Hiv1 in 46% to 85% of specimens from persons infected with hiv2. Another notable difference between hiv1 and hiv2 is their degree of virulence and infectivity. The main difference between the two is the frequency of occurrence. Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report. However, hiv 2 is characterised by lower transmissibility and reduced likelihood of progression to aids. Mar 01, 2015 hiv 1 and hiv 2 are two different viruses. The natural history of hiv1 and hiv2 infections in adults.

Apr 17, 2020 hiv 1 infection causes most aids cases worldwide, but in west africa, hiv 2 is also prevalent. Mortality rates among african adults infected with hiv1 have also been reported from hospitalbased studies and placebo arms of treatment trials 10. Hiv1 is transmitted through direct contact with hivinfected body fluids, such as. Many people learn the basics about hiv, but most are unaware that there are two types. Hiv2 is more than 55% genetically different from hiv1. There are two main types of human immunodeficiency virus hiv 1 and hiv 2. What is the difference between hiv1 and hiv2 answers. May 31, 2018 what is the difference between hiv and aids. There are three different mechanisms that allow hiv to evolve at a population level. Primary human immunodeficiency virus type 2 hiv2 isolates, like hiv1 isolates, frequently use ccr5 but show promiscuity in coreceptor usage. The difference between hiv and aids is aids is a disease called acquired immune deficiency syndrome, which is caused by the hiv virus human immunodeficiency virus. There was no significant difference in medium cd 4 lymphocyte count between patients with hiv1 and hiv2 infection. One includes the continuous battle to evolve and overcome the immune system which slows down the evolution of hiv and shifts the virus focus towards a population level.

Hiv2 infection considerations for antiretroviral use in. The mechanism of hiv2 is not clearly defined, nor the difference from hiv1, however the transmission rate is much lower in hiv2 than hiv1. The reason for serotypes in relation to settlement p difference in social activities of the single subjects which could probably lead to some risky subjects. Results of aids surveillance 198697 at fann hospital in dakar, senegal. Comparisons between these two infections from epidemiological, clinical, virologic and immunologic viewpoints provide a basis for hypothesis generation and testing in this natural experiment in viral pathogenesis. Comparison of hiv 1 and hiv2 coreceptor use revealed that ccr5 use selection of. Two different types of hiv have been identified in humans. Hiv and the hepatitis c virus \hcv\ share many of the same characteristics, but there are also some very distinct differences. These two strains of hiv are very similar, but they have a few. Unlike some other viruses, the human body cant get rid of hiv completely, even with treatment. Due to the genetic difference, hiv1 and hiv2 antigens are distinct enough that if a diagnostic test is developed only to detect hiv1, it will not reliably detect hiv2. Dec 05, 2018 hiv 1 and hiv 2 are the two main types of hiv.

Concurrent infection of hiv1 and hiv2 serotypes in adamawa. There are two main types of human immunodeficiency virus hiv1 and hiv2. Hiv 2 does not respond to some antiretroviral drugs effective on hiv 1, and hiv 2 cannot be measured by hiv 1 viral load tests. Hiv 1 and hiv 2 share many similarities including their basic gene arrangement, modes of transmission, intracellular replication pathways and clinical consequences. On functional level, there is a difference between the two viruses in terms of how easy it is for the virus to infect someone. Computational comparative modeling and visualization for hiv1.

However, people can live long, healthy lives with hiv without ever developing aids. Compared with previous studies, the difference in prevalence between hiv1 and hiv2 showed a much wider gap. Analysis of computational comparative modeling and visualization for hiv1and hiv2 proteins contains a two different type of protein like protease for hiv1 and integrase for hiv 2 a. Mechanistic differences between hiv1 and siv nucleocapsid. Martin raff, university of texas medical branch school of medicine answered apr. Comparison of hiv1 and hiv2 human immunodeficiency virus hiv is categorized into two main types. Genetic differences between the two viruses mean that diagnosis and treatment of hiv1 and hiv2 can be different. The list may have some or all of the points shown alongside.

Differences between hiv1 and hiv2 medical news today. Sep 27, 2006 what is the difference between hiv 1 and hiv 2. Aug 16, 2017 whats the difference between hiv and aids you shouldnt use the two interchangeably. In fact, having hiv doesnt necessarily mean a person will develop aids. Hiv1 was discovered first and is more prevalent worldwide, while hiv2 is less pathogenic and is mostly confined to west africa. Hiv 1 is often referred to as simply hiv and is known worldwide. Jun 22, 2015 stdcheck offers the fourth generation elisa hiv test which reliably detects between both hiv 1 and hiv 2 strains, whereas many other hiv tests commonly test for hiv 1 alone.

Like hiv1, hiv2 is transmitted through direct contact with hivinfected body fluids, such as. The fundamental differences between hiv1 and hiv2 infections lie in the mechanism of retroviral pathogenesis, which is not fully clear yet. Although hiv1 infection is associated with most of the global aids pandemic, hiv2 is an important cause of disease in west africa, where it is endemic. Hiv1, which was discovered first, is the most widespread type worldwide. Hiv1 is more virulent and more infective than hiv2. The virus has also evolved to become more infectious between hosts. Jan 17, 2020 the difference between hiv and aids is straightforward. Distinguishing between hiv2 and hiv1 is important because their clinical management differs.

This is the same virus, which has genetic differences that can be classified into two different types, or serotypes. Hiv2 is rarely reported in the united states, largely confined to persons from west africa, and less likely to cause aids. Hiv2 does not respond to some antiretroviral drugs effective on hiv1, and hiv2 cannot be measured by hiv1 viral load tests. Hiv1 protein, the chaperone activity of hiv2 nc is not as robust, likely due, at least.